Who Will Win LA's E-scooter Wars?

Maylin Tu
Maylin Tu is a freelance writer who lives in L.A. She writes about scooters, bikes and micro-mobility. Find her hovering by the cheese at your next local tech mixer.
Who Will Win LA's E-scooter Wars?
Evan Xie

Los Angeles — it’s not just beautiful weather, traffic and the Hollywood Walk of Fame — it’s also the largest shared micromobility market in the U.S. with six operators permitted to deploy up to 6,000 vehicles each.

And despite the open market policy, the competition shows no signs of slowing down.


In June, Santa Monica-based scooter startup Veo expanded east from Santa Monica into L.A. Newcomer TukTuk launched in November. Bird, which went public via SPAC in 2021, announced in December that it was merging with Bird Canada after revealing that it had overstated revenues for the last 2.5 years and might not have enough cash to survive. Spin was acquired by Tier in March and pulled out of L.A. by the end of the year, close on the heels of Lyft, which left L.A. and Santa Monica. Meanwhile, Wheels was acquired by Helbiz and dropped out of both Culver City and West Hollywood (it is still operating in L.A.).

With six companies still in the running and Bird’s growth-at-all-costs strategy over, is it possible that a smaller player will win the City of Angels? We present four dark horse contenders.

Superpedestrian: The Second Mover Advantage

Cambridge-based Superpedestrian was founded in 2013 out of an MIT research lab and got its start building an electrified wheel to turn any bike into an e-bike. The company first launched its e-scooters in 2020 and in Los Angeles in 2021.

The privately-held company has emphasized city relations and safety over rapid growth.

Though hardly small —it operates in 60 cities in the U.S. and Europe — the company joined the industry late in the game, something it calls the “second mover advantage.” Focusing on technology that solved some of shared micromobility’s biggest pain points, like sidewalk riding, Superpedestrian could zig where Bird and Lime zagged. Though so far, Superpedestrian has rolled out its pedestrian defense technology only in Chicago.

“Micromobility has had big names attached to it from Uber and Lyft to Ford,” said Zach Williams, director of policy and government partnerships for Superpedestrian. “But I think the reality is that at their core, these businesses are or should be somewhat boring and behind-the-scenes. They're logistics businesses where you move stuff around cities as effectively and efficiently as possible.”

Williams declined to say whether the company has achieved profitability in L.A., but said that he is “cautiously optimistic” about the future.

Boaz Bikes: Black-owned and Community-funded

Boaz Bikes, which is based in Dallas and currently operates in six markets, is raising funds to launch in L.A. in April.

“L.A. is the city that other cities look to,” CEO Emil Nnani told dot.LA. “Which is absolutely crazy. But they look to L.A. and they say, ‘Okay, what is L.A. doing?’”

Nnani founded Boaz Bikes in 2018 after seeing how dangerous e-scooters could be. “I knew that safety was going to be a huge issue. And coming from a mechanical background, I just knew I could create a safer model.”

Boaz primarily deploys seated scooters, which some operators say is the safer option compared to traditional standing scooters due to the lower center of gravity, though there are limited studies comparing the safety of seated versus standing scooters. And instead of deploying only in affluent downtown areas, Boaz focuses on transit deserts where mobility options can be few and far between.

“I feel like we have a head start in this space since… we had no choice but to build a cash flow positive model due to the lack of funding,” said Nnani.

Adding, however, that the company is cash flow positive during the busy summer months, but operating at a loss due to the slower winter months.

That said, Prabin Joel Jones, ex-CTO of Bond Mobility and founder of Freshkart, told dot.LA that he’s doubtful that any of the current players in the market have achieved profitability.

“For any new venture like shared e-scooters, at the beginning, you do absolutely have to burn cash to expand,” he said. “...But it cannot sustain for a very long time. You will absolutely have to find your path to profitability as soon as possible.”

Unlike the competition, Boaz is crowdfunding its next raise at $1.94 per share.

As for competing with bigger players, Nnani pointed out that Spin left not only L.A. but also Detroit last year, one of Boaz’s strongest markets.

“We already operate at a level of excellence compared to our competitors, so we already know that we're going to beat out our competitors [in L.A.]. And, you know, hopefully force them to leave the market as well.”

TukTuk: A Self-made Scooter Entrepreneur

New arrival TukTuk, funded wholly by founder and CEO Yahya Dabbagh, might herald a new age of the self-made owner-operator who doesn’t rely on VC funding.

Although the company was first founded in 2019 with test launches in L.A. and Ventura county, TukTuk took a long pause during the pandemic and only re-launched in Los Angeles in November with 2,000 scooters.

The new operator might be small, but Dabbagh told dot.LA he sees an opportunity in the market in neighborhoods that have less competition.

“So we'll be sure to go to some areas of [the] city [which] will be low competition or nobody — or one or two max,” he said. Operators tend to congregate in more lucrative areas like Venice and Hollywood, meaning that in some neighborhoods, TukTuk could be at an advantage.

In addition, unlike Bird or Lime, the company doesn’t have to worry about a bloated HQ driving down revenues. TukTuk operates out of a storefront warehouse in Palms and doesn’t have 100s, 1,000s or even 10s of employees which helps it cut down on overhead costs.

Micro-micromobility?

But what if you could go even smaller? The rise of the independent operator model where one person owns and manages a fleet of 100s of independently sourced e-bikes or e-scooters could be the future.

According to Vince Cifani, CEO and cofounder of micromobility platform Joyride, his company speaks to Bird fleet managers every single day who want to switch over to an independent operator model. Fleet managers are classified as independent contractors and do not own the vehicles — which means they also take home only a share of the profits.

So why can’t a fleet manager who is already managing their own fleet simply buy and brand their own scooters and take home all of the profits?

Joyride is offering independent operators the tools to do just that, giving scooter entrepreneurs access to the technology component and even helping existing customers finance their vehicles.

“Nothing beats operations experience,” said Cifani. “You have to be on the ground… moving heavy vehicles, carrying them into trucks. And so at the end of the day, it’s an ops game.”

Cifani estimates that independent operators need about $200,000 to $300,000 to launch their own business.

Could Bird fleet managers — who already manage a small fleet of vehicles and are paying a portion of their profits to Bird — simply own and operate their own e-scooters?

Maybe.Though Los Angeles could be a tough market for smaller operators to compete with the fees required by the city of L.A. and the high cost of insurance.

Either way, as 2023 unfolds, new winners and losers will emerge in Los Angeles with ripple effects throughout the global shared micromobility market.

“[Los Angeles] is such a proving ground,” said Superpedestrian’s Zach Williams. “We just know if we can make it work there, we can make it work anywhere.”

The New Face of Live Shopping: Whatnot’s $5B Journey

🔦 Spotlight

Hello Los Angeles,

This week has been a challenging one for many in our city as we continue to face the aftermath of the recent wildfires. Recovery efforts are in full swing, and as always, the strength and resilience of our community shine through.

If you or someone you know has been impacted, there are resources available to help navigate this difficult time:

  • Pacific Palisades Fire Damage Maps: View here

These tools can provide support, whether you’re looking for financial assistance, housing resources, or updates on affected areas.

While our community focuses on recovery, we’re also reminded of what makes LA unique: its unrelenting drive to build, create, and innovate. A great example this week comes from Whatnot, the live shopping platform co-founded in 2019 by Grant LaFontaine and Logan Head, which has just achieved a major milestone.

Whatnot announced it raised $265 million in Series E funding, valuing the company at an impressive $5 billion.

For those unfamiliar, Whatnot combines shopping and entertainment through live-streamed auctions. Think of it as a vibrant, interactive marketplace where sellers showcase everything from trading cards and collectibles to fashion items, all in real time. Buyers can bid during the stream, creating a sense of excitement and connection that feels more personal than traditional online shopping.

The company’s new funding—co-led by Greycroft, DST Global, and Avra Capital—will drive expansion into markets like Australia and bring improvements to seller tools, from inventory management to advanced analytics. But what stands out most is Whatnot’s focus on its people. CEO Grant LaFontaine announced plans to buy back $72 million in shares for long-term employees, a move that underscores the company’s dedication to sharing its success.

As we move forward, let’s celebrate stories like these that show how innovation thrives in LA—even amid challenges. Whether it’s supporting wildfire recovery, building the next great startup, or simply connecting with others, we each play a role in shaping the spirit of our city.


🤝 Venture Deals

LA Companies

  • Phase Four, a leader in advanced in-space propulsion systems, announced the first close of its Series C funding round, securing nearly 60% of the target raise, led by Artemis Group Capital, to ramp up production of its Valkyrie Hall Effect Thrusters to at least 250 units annually and develop cutting-edge propulsion technologies for defense and national security needs. - learn more
  • Proper, a next-generation supplement brand launched by fitness entrepreneur Amanda Kloots, secured investment from Ben Bennett's Beauty Accelerator, The Center, to redefine the supplement industry with innovative, nutrient-focused wellness solutions tailored for modern lifestyles. - learn more
LA Venture Funds
  • Sound Ventures participated in a $17M funding round for Reshop, a platform simplifying the returns process for consumers and merchants, with plans to use the funds to enhance their technology and expand their services. - learn more
  • LFX Venture Partners participated in a $30M strategic funding round for Shippeo, a Paris-based company specializing in real-time multimodal supply chain transportation visibility; the funds will support Shippeo's global expansion, particularly across North America and the Asia-Pacific region. - learn more
  • Amboy Street Ventures participated in a $15M Series A+ funding round for Granata Bio, a biotechnology company focused on developing advanced gene therapies; the proceeds will be used to accelerate the development of their pipeline and expand their research capabilities. - learn more
  • BAM Ventures participated in a $700,000 seed funding round for MX Locker, an online marketplace for buying and selling motocross gear and parts; the company plans to use the proceeds to enhance its platform and expand its user base. - learn more
  • Crosscut Ventures participated in a $7.15M seed funding round for SoloPulse, an Atlanta-based company developing advanced radar technology; the funds will be used to enhance their product development and expand market reach. - learn more
  • Starburst Ventures participated in Loft Orbital’s $170M Series C funding round, bringing the San Francisco-based satellite infrastructure provider’s total capital raised to $280 million, with the funds aimed at accelerating their "condosat" missions to simplify and expand access to space. - learn more
  • Overture VC participated in a $100M Series B funding round for Harbinger, a Southern California-based electric vehicle company specializing in medium-duty EVs; the funds will be used to accelerate the production of their electric vehicle platforms. - learn more
  • Muse Capital and Time BioVentures participated in an $18M Series A funding round for Conceivable Life Sciences, a New York-based biotech company developing the world's first AI-powered automated IVF lab; the funds will support their ongoing commercial pilot program in Mexico City and preparations for a U.S. launch targeted for early 2026. - learn more
  • B Capital Group participated in a $25M Series B funding round for Labviva, a Boston-based AI-driven procurement platform for life sciences; the funds will be used to accelerate product development, enhance marketing and customer support, and expand internationally. - learn more
  • Focalpoint Partners participated in a seed funding round for Kerna Labs, a San Francisco-based AI biotechnology company focused on advancing mRNA payload design for new therapies, with the funds supporting operational expansion and development efforts. - learn more

LA Exits

  • Intracom Systems, a pioneer in software-based communication solutions, has been acquired by IPC, a global leader in trading communications technology, to enhance IPC's SaaS communications offerings for the financial services industry. - learn more
  • Adexa, a provider of advanced supply chain planning solutions, has been acquired by Eyelit Technologies to enhance its Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM) and Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) offerings and expand its market presence. - learn more
  • Caramel, a platform specializing in simplifying online vehicle transactions, has been acquired by eBay to enhance its offerings for secure and streamlined automotive buying and selling experiences. - learn more
  • ImaginAb, a biotechnology company specializing in antibody-based imaging and therapeutic solutions, has been acquired by Telix Pharmaceuticals to expand its next-generation therapeutic assets and biologics technology platform. - learn more
  • Sleepypod, a global leader in crash-test-certified safety harnesses and carriers for pets, has been acquired by Paw Prosper to enhance its commitment to pet well-being and expand its portfolio of innovative pet safety solutions. - learn more

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Standing Together Through the Flames

🔦 Spotlight

To our Los Angeles family,

This week’s wildfires have brought immense pain and hardship to our beloved city. Many of our friends, neighbors, and colleagues have faced evacuations, power outages, and the devastating loss of homes and livelihoods. Our hearts go out to everyone affected by this tragedy.

At dot.LA, we want to express our deepest sympathy to those suffering in this moment. We see your resilience and stand with you during this challenging time. This community has always been defined by its strength and compassion, and now is the time to come together in support.

If You or Someone You Know Has Been Impacted, Resources Are Available:

Evacuation Shelters:

  • Calvary Community Church: 5495 Via Rocas, Westlake Village, CA 91362
  • Ritchie Valens Recreation Center: 10736 Laurel Canyon Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331
  • Pan Pacific Recreational Center: 7600 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90036
  • Westwood Recreation Center: 1350 Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025
  • Pasadena Civic Auditorium: 300 East Green Street, Pasadena, CA 91101
  • Pomona Fairplex: 1101 W McKinley Ave, Pomona, CA 91768
  • Stoner Recreation Center: 1835 Stoner Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90025

Animal Shelters:

Small Animals:

  • Agoura Animal Care Center: 29525 Agoura Rd, Agoura Hills, CA 91301
  • Baldwin Park Animal Care Center: 4275 Elton St, Baldwin Park, CA 91706
  • Carson Animal Care Center: 216 W Victoria St, Gardena, CA 90248
  • Downey Animal Care Center: 11258 Garfield Ave, Downey, CA 90242
  • Lancaster Animal Care Center: 5210 W Ave I, Lancaster, CA 93536
  • Palmdale Animal Care Center: 38550 Sierra Hwy, Palmdale, CA 93550

Large Animals:

  • Pomona Fairplex: 1101 W McKinley Ave, Pomona
  • Industry Hills Expo: 16200 Temple Ave, City of Industry, CA 91744
  • Antelope Valley Fair: 2551 W Avenue H, Lancaster, CA 93536
  • Los Angeles Equestrian Center: 480 W Riverside Dr, Burbank, CA 91506
  • Pierce College Equestrian Center: 7100 El Rancho Dr, Woodland Hills, CA 91371

Disaster Relief Information:

  • LA County Assessor: Information for property owners and FAQs about disaster relief.

Mental Health Support:

  • Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health: Crisis counseling and support for those affected. Access services through their website or call their hotline at (800) 854-7771.

Temporary Housing Support:

  • Airbnb: In partnership with 211 LA, offering free temporary housing for displaced residents. Spaces are limited; complete the form to be notified of availability.

Transportation Support:

  • Uber: Use promo code WILDFIRE25 for 2 free rides up to $40 each to/from active shelters.
  • Lyft: Code CAFIRERELIEF25 offers 2 rides up to $25 each for up to 500 riders, valid until 1/15.
  • Metro: Fare collection is suspended systemwide.

Staying Informed:

  • Watch Duty App: Provides real-time wildfire tracking, evacuation warnings, and updates.
  • Los Angeles Fire Department Alerts: Visit their website for the latest information on fire status and safety guidelines.

Safety Precautions:

  • Ready, Set, Go!: Personal Wildfire Action Plan by the Los Angeles County Fire Department.

To those in our community who are volunteering, donating, or offering aid in any form—thank you. Your efforts embody the spirit of LA: strong, compassionate, and unstoppable.

At dot.LA, we’re committed to amplifying stories of resilience and support. If you’ve seen inspiring acts of kindness or have resources to share, please let us know. Together, we can shine a light on the incredible ways this community is stepping up during these trying times.

In the days ahead, let’s hold tight to the bonds that unite us and remember that we are stronger together. The fires may scar the land, but they cannot dim the collective spirit of Los Angeles.

We’re here for you, and we’re with you.

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    A Strong Finish to 2024 for LA Tech: Crosscut Ventures Leads the Way

    🔦 Spotlight

    Happy Friday LA!

    As we close the book on 2024, Los Angeles has had a remarkable year in tech and venture capital. From groundbreaking funding rounds to industry-defining innovations, the city’s tech ecosystem has showcased its ability to adapt and thrive. Among the year’s final highlights was the announcement that Crosscut Ventures, one of LA’s premier early-stage venture capital firms, has added Jon Ylvisaker as its newest Partner.

    Crosscut Ventures’ Bold New Direction

    Announced in late December, Jon Ylvisaker’s appointment reflects Crosscut Ventures’ commitment to advancing its focus on the energy transition. Ylvisaker brings decades of experience in driving investments in energy technologies and digital infrastructure. As the founding partner and managing director of Yield Capital Partners, he led investments in startups and established companies shaping the future of sustainability. At Wolfacre Global Management, a Tiger Management hedge fund, he further honed his expertise in supporting impactful climate-focused solutions.

    Brian Garrett, Managing Director and Co-Founder of Crosscut Ventures, said, “Jon's extensive experience in climate and digital infrastructure investments, coupled with his impressive track record of bringing groundbreaking technologies to market, makes him the ideal partner to help lead our focus.”

    Since its founding in 2008, Crosscut has played a key role in shaping LA’s tech landscape. Ylvisaker’s addition reinforces the firm’s commitment to addressing global challenges like energy transition and sustainability, further solidifying its leadership in venture capital innovation.

    What’s Next for LA Tech in 2025

    The momentum from 2024 has set the stage for an even bigger year ahead. Entrepreneurs, investors, and innovators in LA are poised to take on new challenges and create meaningful change across industries.

    As we step into 2025, we want to thank everyone who helped make 2024 such a standout year. Here’s to another year of progress, innovation, and success. From all of us at dot.LA, Happy New Year!

    🤝 Venture Deals

    LA Companies

    • First Resonance, a company specializing in digital manufacturing software through its ION Factory OS, has raised a $20M funding round led by Third Prime with participation from Blue Bear Capital and others. This brings its total funding to $36M and will be used to accelerate product development, grow its customer base, and enhance support for advanced manufacturing sectors like aerospace, robotics, and clean energy. - learn more
    LA Venture Funds
    • Finality Capital Partners led a $17M Seed funding round for ChainOpera AI, a California-based company developing blockchain networks for AI-powered agents and applications, to accelerate product development, expand its team and enhance its blockchain and AI integration capabilities. - learn more

    LA Exits

    • Thirteen Lune, an inclusive beauty e-commerce platform, has been acquired by SNR Capital, marking a significant milestone in the platform's mission to amplify underrepresented beauty brands while fueling its next stage of growth. - learn more
    • Ergobaby, a leading brand in juvenile products known for its high-quality baby carriers, has been acquired by Highlander Partners. The acquisition aims to bolster Ergobaby’s growth, expand its product offerings, and strengthen its position in the parenting solutions market. - learn more

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