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XVenture Cash Is Pouring Into AI that Can Diagnose Diseases. Doctors Aren’t Sure They Can Trust It.
Keerthi Vedantam is a bioscience reporter at dot.LA. She cut her teeth covering everything from cloud computing to 5G in San Francisco and Seattle. Before she covered tech, Keerthi reported on tribal lands and congressional policy in Washington, D.C. Connect with her on Twitter, Clubhouse (@keerthivedantam) or Signal at 408-470-0776.

Medical imaging AI, which can help diagnose health problems doctors don't always see, is only getting more sophisticated—and more lucrative. Just last month, Tel Aviv-based Aidoc raised $65 million for its AI-powered medical imaging platform and other local companies are attracting investors at a rapid clip.
The software can find, and in some cases, diagnose polyps, tumors or anomalies that may otherwise go undetected by the human eye – a feat that has the potential to save lives. Beyond its most promising attributes, AI-driven technology could also dramatically decrease wait times at hospitals and doctors' offices by automating some of the most tedious work, allowing doctors to see and treat more patients. But critics of the unregulated technology say results can be inconsistent.
Brendan Burke, an emerging tech analyst at Pitchbook, estimates investment in the space has skyrocketed, from $1.6 billion in 2019 to $2.6 billion in 2020.
"[Venture capitalists] have certainly seen enough adoption to justify substantial investments," Burke said. "But there's still uneven adoption overall and a degree of skepticism from health care providers. "
The money is pouring in because most illnesses are diagnosed with a terrifying cocktail of subjectivity and luck, and a hard-to-find tumor could rear its ugly head when it's too late, forcing clinicians to scramble to use invasive (sometimes dangerous) procedures to course correct.
Paul Grand, founder and CEO of MedTech Innovator, a medical technology startup accelerator said interest is gaining traction because investors see the potential for a breakthrough technology — even if it isn't fully proven yet.
"They're not looking for little incremental improvements when they make investments as VCs, they're looking for game-changing, industry needle-moving investments," he said.
Irvine-based Docbot, a gastrointestinal AI startup that has raised $6.5 million according to Pitchbook, developed Ultivision AI to find polyps that could turn cancerous. Most diagnoses come from a doctor's ability to find them through a camera inserted into the GI tract. Created by gastroenterologist William Kames, Docbot uses AI to point out faded or small polyps through the camera lens.
"By doing this, you'll catch more polyps, and thus the colonoscopy will have a higher performance rate in hopefully catching more polyps, so a patient would have less risk of getting colon cancer afterwards." said Docbot CEO Andrew Ritter.
After feeding 50,000 colonoscopy videos through a machine learning algorithm, Docbot put Ultivision AI up next to a panel of physicians to detect polyps in a slew of videos. The AI found 61% more polyps than the panel.
Now, the AI has been trained on more than 10 million images.
Another AI-based tool, Woodland Hills-based Eyenuk, received FDA approval as a medical imaging AI device that can diagnose diabetic retinopathy 10 months ago. The device has been trained on more than two million images and is scattered across 15 different institutions in the US.
Eyenuk's device became useful during the coronavirus pandemic. Nose-to-nose contact is often unavoidable for opthamologists who need to conduct eye exams, but the device could operate autonomously, taking photos of a patient's eyes and diagnosing the problem in a span of minutes.
"[Doctors] want AI to prescreen people's eyes in the community," Frank Cheng, president of Eyenuk, said. "...if there is a need for evaluation and treatment, they then jump in to more efficiently treat the patient."
Eyenuk Inc.'s AI-based diabetic retinopathy screening software was tested in a study on cost-effective mass retinal screening.
Doctors Remain Skeptical
Despite the sweeping promises of medical imaging AI, doctors remain largely distrustful of the tech. A survey from the American College of Radiology found that only 30% of doctors use medical imaging AI, and a study presented to the FDA found that 95% of clinicians largely think AI is inconsistent or doesn't work at all.
"Sometimes these machine learning models are so sophisticated, it's really hard to tell how a program actually came to its decision," said Ritika Chaturvedi, a precision medicine expert at the USC Schaeffer Center. "How is that physician to know whether to evaluate their own judgment or use the AI's recommendation?"
With most medical imaging AI, a doctor or a startup will collect a set of reference images or videos of whatever it is they want to target—rashes on the skin, tumors in the body, or x-rays of bone fractures—which they then feed through a machine learning algorithm that uses those images to learn what to look for. The algorithm marks different patterns it finds in the images, such as shape or color, to build a framework for what it should look for. When the algorithm is calibrated to detect images at the level of accuracy the team desires—sometimes 80% accuracy, sometimes 60%—the team applies the machine learning algorithm to an unknown image to see if it can catch it.
But the lack of standardization in medical imaging AI makes it difficult for clinicians to know if they can trust the technology. There are no standards on how many reference images need to be used to train the AI (though the more, the better). There is also no rule that dictates a machine learning algorithm is satisfactory at 80% accuracy, or 60% accuracy. Nor are protocols in place for when a doctor disagrees with an AI's assessment.
"Because this field is so new, people are just now starting to grapple with the ethics," Chaturvedi said.
When a specific AI software is approved by the Food and Drug Administration, it doesn't undergo re-approval when it adds images or videos to its machine-learning model, which can change how the AI performs. Datasets are often not available to the public to review if the data is representative of the population.
"The adage is in computer science, garbage in, garbage out," Chaturvedi said. "So if your training data set is highly biased, then your outputs are going to be highly biased."
Grand says there's an adoption phase with every new technology, and medical imaging AI will one day reach a point where it could be considered negligent for doctors not to use it.
"It could be five years, 10 years, but that's the phase we're going to be in where doctors go, 'Okay, AI is a new tool for me to be a better doctor, '" Grand said.
Indeed, there may soon come a time when doctors embrace medical imaging AI, when residents are trained to use the technology in hospitals and clinics and when medical organizations will consider AI to be as much of a staple as a stethoscope or an MRI to diagnose. But in order for that to happen, experts say, the data needs to be unequivocally clear that AI is beneficial, and regulations need to be put in place to encourage board adoption.
"You've diagnosed the cancer," Chaturvedi said. "But if you can't treat it, then what's the point?"
Lead art by Ian Hurley.
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Keerthi Vedantam is a bioscience reporter at dot.LA. She cut her teeth covering everything from cloud computing to 5G in San Francisco and Seattle. Before she covered tech, Keerthi reported on tribal lands and congressional policy in Washington, D.C. Connect with her on Twitter, Clubhouse (@keerthivedantam) or Signal at 408-470-0776.
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Venture Firm Backstage Capital Cuts Three-Quarters of Staff
Kristin Snyder is an editorial intern for dot.la. She previously interned with Tiger Oak Media and led the arts section for UCLA's Daily Bruin.
Venture firm Backstage Capital laid off nine employees, reducing its staff to just three.
Managing partner and founder Arlan Hamilton announced the layoffs Sunday on her “Your First Million” podcast. General partners Christie Pitts and Brittany Davis, along with Hamilton, are the only remaining employees, TechCrunch reported. The move comes only three months after the Los Angeles-based firm said it would only fund existing portfolio companies.
“It’s not that I feel like there’s any sort of failure on the fund side, on the firm’s side, on Backstage’s side, it’s that this could have been avoided if…the system we work within were different,” Hamilton said during the podcast.
Hamilton founded Backstage in 2015 to highlight underrepresented founders and launched a crowdfunding campaign last year to draw in everyday investors. The company announced its plan to raise $30 million for a new fund, bringing in $1 million from Comcast. Having invested in 200 companies, Backstage announced in March that it would not be making new investments.
Hamilton said Backstage’s situation is a “purgatory kind of position,” with companies saying the fund was either too developed or not developed enough to invest in. However, in an email sent to stakeholders, she said she is “optimistic about the next 18 months.”
The firm still intends to grow its assets under management to over $100 million as Hamilton looks for backing from to the 26 funds she has invested in for backing. Hamilton said the company does not “have dry powder right now,” which points to the firm’s struggle to grow.
The news comes during a wave of layoffs across Los Angeles, with companies like Voyage SMS, Albert and Bird letting go of employees.
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Kristin Snyder is an editorial intern for dot.la. She previously interned with Tiger Oak Media and led the arts section for UCLA's Daily Bruin.
A New Tide of LA Startups Is Tackling the National Childcare Crisis
Keerthi Vedantam is a bioscience reporter at dot.LA. She cut her teeth covering everything from cloud computing to 5G in San Francisco and Seattle. Before she covered tech, Keerthi reported on tribal lands and congressional policy in Washington, D.C. Connect with her on Twitter, Clubhouse (@keerthivedantam) or Signal at 408-470-0776.
The pandemic exacerbated a problem that has been long bubbling in the U.S.: the childcare crisis.
According to a survey of people in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) careers conducted by the city’s WiSTEM Los Angeles program and shared exclusively with dot.LA, the pandemic exposed a slew of challenges across STEM fields. The survey—which consisted of 181 respondents from L.A.County and was conducted between March 2021 and 2022— involved respondents across medical fields, technical professions and science industries who shared the pandemic’s effects on their professional or education careers.
The survey found 60% of the respondents, primarily women, were balancing increased caretaking roles with work or school responsibilities. And while caretaking responsibilities grew, 49% of respondents said their workload also increased during the pandemic.
“The pandemic threw a wrench into lots of folks' experiences both professionally and academically,” said Kathryne Cooper, a health tech investor who sits on the advisory board of WiSTEM. “So we need to acknowledge that.”
In the L.A. area, an increasing number of childcare startups are aiming to address this massive challenge that is a growing national crisis. The U.S. has long dealt with a crippling childcare infrastructure plagued by low wages and a labor shortage in preschools and daycares, but the COVID-19 crisis made it worse. During the pandemic, women left the workforce due to the lack of childcare and caretaking resources. By 2021, women made up the lowest percentage of the workforce since 1988, according to the National Women’s Law Center. Despite the pandemic forcing everyone indoors, caretaking duties fell disproportionately on women.
“I almost actually left my job because everything that I looked at was either waitlisted or the costs were so astronomical that it probably made sense for me to stay at home rather than pay someone to actually look after my child,” said Jessica Chang, the CEO of childcare startup WeeCare.
Brella's Playa Vista-based childcare center lobby.Photo courtesy of Brella
The Marina del Rey-based WeeCare, one of the startups that helps people open their own childcare facilities, announced it raised $12 million in April (to go along with an additional $5 million in bridge funding raised during the pandemic). The company helps people build daycare centers and works with employers to provide access to WeeCare centers and construct child care benefits programs.
Some of these startups strive to boost the number of daycare centers by helping operators with financial costs, licensing fees and scheduling. Wonderschool, a San Francisco-based child care startup, raised $25 million in January and assisted with hundreds of childcare facilities in L.A.-based Playground, which raised $3 million in seed funding last year per PitchBook. Playground acts as an in-house platform for childcare providers to communicate with staff and parents, track attendance, report student behavior and provide automatic invoicing services.
L.A.-based Brella, which launched in 2019, raised $5 million in seed funding in January to create a tech-enabled daycare scheduling platform that could meet the demand of flexible childcare as parents navigate a hybrid work environment, and recently opened a new location in Hollywood. The startup aims to address the labor shortage among childcare workers by paying its workers roughly $25 an hour and offering mental health benefits and career development opportunities for its educators.
“It's this huge disconnect in our society because these are really important people who are doing arguably one of the most important educational jobs,” said Melanie Wolff, co-founder of childcare startup Brella. “They often don't get benefits. They don't have a lot of job security.”
Venture capital funding has poured into the relatively new childcare sector. A slew of parent-tech companies aimed at finding flexible child care and monitoring children saw $1.4 billion worth of venture investments in 2021, according to PitchBook, largely to meet the demands of parents in a pandemic era who have more flexible work commutes and require more tech-enabled solutions.
“I think a lot of it has to do with what employers expect for workers,” said Darby Saxbe, an associate professor of psychology and family relationships expert at USC. “There's still a lot more stigma for men to build their work around caregiving responsibilities–there's a lot of evidence that men are often discouraged from taking paternity leave, even if it's available.”
WeeCare is one of several startups updating the childcare space with technology and flexibility.
Photo courtesy of WeeCare
Childcare benefits are also becoming a more attractive incentive as workers grapple with unorthodox work schedules in a hybrid setting.
“Employers, because of COVID, were having a hard time retaining and recruiting employees,” said Chang. “And they were actually incentivized to actually find a solution to help the employees.”
WeeCare primarily partners with employers of essential workers, like schools, hospitals and grocery stores, and the benefits programs account for the majority of WeeCare’s revenue.
Childcare works are part of a massive labor shortage in caretaker roles that also include nurses, and health aids for the eldery. These workers, which allow women to maintain careers in STEM and other high-paying industries, are vital, according to Saxbe.
“Women can advance in the workplace,” Saxbe said. “But if there's no support at home and there is no one who is helping take care of kids and elderly people, women can't just advance in a vacuum.”
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Keerthi Vedantam is a bioscience reporter at dot.LA. She cut her teeth covering everything from cloud computing to 5G in San Francisco and Seattle. Before she covered tech, Keerthi reported on tribal lands and congressional policy in Washington, D.C. Connect with her on Twitter, Clubhouse (@keerthivedantam) or Signal at 408-470-0776.
“Talent Is Ubiquitous; Access to Capital Is Not': MaC Venture Capital Raises $203M for Early-Stage Startups
Decerry Donato is dot.LA's Editorial Fellow. Prior to that, she was an editorial intern at the company. Decerry received her bachelor's degree in literary journalism from the University of California, Irvine. She continues to write stories to inform the community about issues or events that take place in the L.A. area. On the weekends, she can be found hiking in the Angeles National forest or sifting through racks at your local thrift store.
While venture capital funding has taken a hit this year, that hasn’t stopped MaC Venture Capital from raising $203 million for its second fund.
The Los Angeles-based, Black-led VC firm said Monday that it had surpassed its initial $200 million goal for the fund, which dot.LA reported in January, over the span of seven months. MaC said it expects to invest the capital in up to 50 mostly seed-stage startups while remaining “sector-agnostic.”
“We love seed-stage companies because that’s where most of the value is created,” MaC managing general partner Marlon Nichols told dot.LA. While the firm has invested in local ventures like NFT gaming platform Artie, space startup Epsilon3 and autonomous sensor company Spartan Radar, Nichols said MaC—whose portfolio companies span from Seattle to Nairobi—would continue to eye ventures across the rest of the country and world.
“Talent is ubiquitous; access to capital is not,” Nichols noted. “What they’re building needs to matter; we’ve got to believe that this group of founders is the best team building in the space, period.”
Launched in 2019, MaC is led by four founding partners: VC veteran Nichols, former Washington, D.C. mayor Adrian Fenty, and former William Morris Endeavor talent agents Charles D. King and Michael Palank. Nichols described the team’s collective background in government, consulting, media, entertainment and talent management as its “superpower.”
In a venture capital industry where few people of color are decision-makers, MaC Venture Capital has looked to wield its influence to provide opportunities for founders of color. The firm says 69% of its portfolio companies were started by BIPOC founders and 36% are led by women, while MaC has also diversified its own ranks by adding female partners Zhenni Liu and Haley Farnsworth.
MaC’s second investment fund nearly doubled the size of the firm’s $110 million first fund, which it closed in March 2021. The new fund’s repeat institutional investors include Goldman Sachs, ICG Advisors, StepStone, the University of Michigan, the George Kaiser Family Foundation and the MacArthur Foundation, while the likes of Illumen Capital and the Teachers’ Retirement System of the State of Illinois also pitched in as new investors.
“It’s a great combination of having affirmation from people who have been with us from the beginning and new people coming in that want to be a part of it,” Fenty told dot.LA.
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Decerry Donato is dot.LA's Editorial Fellow. Prior to that, she was an editorial intern at the company. Decerry received her bachelor's degree in literary journalism from the University of California, Irvine. She continues to write stories to inform the community about issues or events that take place in the L.A. area. On the weekends, she can be found hiking in the Angeles National forest or sifting through racks at your local thrift store.